Toxoplasma (CMIA)

Toxoplasma gondii ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, timatchedwanso trisomia.Imasokoneza m'maselo ndipo imafika mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi ndi kutuluka kwa magazi, kuwononga ubongo, mtima ndi fundus ya diso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha anthu komanso matenda osiyanasiyana.Ndi okakamizika okhudza maselo ambiri tiziromboti, Coccidia, Eucoccidia, Isosporococcidae ndi Toxoplasma.Kuzungulira kwa moyo kumafuna makamu awiri, gulu lapakati limaphatikizapo zokwawa, nsomba, tizilombo, mbalame, nyama zoyamwitsa ndi nyama zina ndi anthu, ndipo gulu lomaliza limaphatikizapo amphaka ndi felines.

Toxoplasma gondii ndi wa coccidia, toxoplasma banja ndi toxoplasma.Kuzungulira kwa moyo kumafuna makamu awiri, gulu lapakati limaphatikizapo zokwawa, nsomba, tizilombo, mbalame, nyama zoyamwitsa ndi nyama zina ndi anthu, ndipo gulu lomaliza limaphatikizapo amphaka ndi felines.The moyo mkombero wa Toxoplasma gondii akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo asanu: tachyzoite siteji (trophozoite): mofulumira magawano mu nucleated maselo kutenga cytoplasm wa khamu lonse, wotchedwa pseudocyst;siteji ya bradyzoite: kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono mu khoma la chotupa lomwe limatulutsidwa ndi thupi, lotchedwa cyst, lomwe lili ndi mazana a bradyzoites;Schizosome stage: Ndiko kuphatikizika kwa merozoite komwe kumapangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa bradyzoites kapena sporozoites m'maselo ang'onoang'ono amatumbo am'mimba amphaka;Gawo la Gametophytic: ma gametes akuluakulu (aakazi) ndi ma gametes ang'onoang'ono (aamuna) amapanga zygotes pambuyo pa umuna ndipo pamapeto pake amakula kukhala oocysts;Sporozoite stage: imatanthawuza kukula ndi kubereka kwa sporophytes mu oocyst, kupanga sporangia awiri, ndiyeno sporangia iliyonse imayamba kukhala sporozoites zinayi.Magawo atatu oyambilira ndi kubereka mwachisawawa, ndipo magawo awiri omaliza ndi kuberekana.

Toxoplasma gondii akufotokozera mu magawo awiri: extraintestinal siteji ndi m`mimba siteji.Yoyamba akufotokozera mu maselo osiyanasiyana wapakatikati makamu ndi waukulu, zimakhala ndi akufa matenda opatsirana.Yotsirizira anayamba kokha epithelial maselo omaliza khamu m`mimba mucosa.