Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane
Njira zodziwika bwino zodziwira ma antibody a Edzi ndi awa:
1. Kuzindikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Kuzindikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumatanthawuza kuzindikira mwachindunji kwa ma virus kapena majini a ma virus kuchokera ku zitsanzo zokhala ndi ma virus podzipatula komanso chikhalidwe, kuwunika kwa ma electron microscopic morphology, kuzindikira ma antigen a virus komanso kudziwa jini.Njira ziwiri zoyambirira ndizovuta ndipo zimafuna zida zapadera ndi akatswiri amisiri.Choncho, kuzindikira kwa antigen ndi RT-PCR (reverse transcription PCR) kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pozindikira matenda.
2. Kuzindikira ma antibodies
Kachilombo ka HIV mu seramu ndi chizindikiro chosalunjika cha kachilombo ka HIV.Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwake kwakugwiritsa ntchito, njira zomwe zilipo kale zodziwira ma antibody zitha kugawidwa m'mayeso owunika komanso kuyesa kotsimikizira.
3. Kutsimikizira reagent
Western blot (WB) ndiye njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kutsimikizira seramu yabwino yoyeserera.Chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yazenera, kusamva bwino komanso mtengo wokwera, njira iyi ndiyoyenera kuyesa kutsimikizira.Ndi kusintha kwa tilinazo wachitatu ndi wachinayi m'badwo HIV matenda reagents, WB wakhala akulephera kukwaniritsa zofunika ntchito yake ngati mayeso otsimikizira.
Mtundu wina wotsimikizira zowunikira zovomerezeka ndi FDA ndi immunofluorescence assay (IFA).IFA imawononga ndalama zochepa kuposa WB, ndipo ntchitoyo ndi yosavuta.Njira yonseyi imatha kutha mkati mwa maola 1-1.5.Choyipa chachikulu cha njirayi ndikuti pamafunika zowunikira zotsika mtengo za fluorescence ndi akatswiri odziwa zambiri kuti aziwona zotsatira zowunika, ndipo zotsatira zoyeserera sizingasungidwe kwa nthawi yayitali.Tsopano FDA ikuvomereza kuti zotsatira zoipa kapena zabwino za IFA ziyenera kukhalapo pamene akupereka zotsatira zomaliza kwa opereka ndalama omwe WB sangadziwike, koma sichimaganiziridwa ngati muyeso wa chiyeneretso cha magazi.
4. Kuyeza mayeso
Kuyezetsa magazi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyesa opereka magazi, kotero kumafuna ntchito yosavuta, yotsika mtengo, yokhudzidwa komanso yeniyeni.Pakali pano, njira yaikulu yowunikira padziko lapansi ikadali ELISA, ndipo pali ma reagents ochepa a tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso ma reagents a ELISA.
ELISA ili ndi chidwi chachikulu komanso chokhazikika, ndipo ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati labotale ili ndi chowerengera cha microplate ndi chochapira mbale.Ndikoyenera makamaka kuwunika kwakukulu mu labotale.
Mayeso a Particle agglutination ndi njira ina yosavuta, yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo yodziwira.Zotsatira za njirayi zimatha kuweruzidwa ndi maso amaliseche, ndipo kukhudzidwa kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri.Ndikoyenera makamaka kwa mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene kapena chiwerengero chachikulu cha opereka magazi.Choyipa ndichakuti zitsanzo zatsopano ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi olakwika.
Matenda a hepatitis C a antibody:
1) 80-90% ya odwala matenda a chiwindi pambuyo kuikidwa magazi ndi chiwindi C, ambiri a iwo zabwino.
2) Odwala a hepatitis B, makamaka omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a magazi (plasma, magazi athunthu) angayambitse matenda a hepatitis C, kupangitsa matendawa kukhala aakulu, matenda a chiwindi kapena khansa ya chiwindi.Choncho, HCV Ab iyenera kudziwika kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi a B kapena odwala matenda a chiwindi.