Pa Ogasiti 20 ndi tsiku la World Mosquito Day, tsiku lokumbutsa anthu kuti udzudzu ndi amodzi mwa omwe amafalitsa matenda.
Pa August 20, 1897, katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo wa ku Britain ndi dokotala Ronald Ross (1857-1932) anapeza mu labotale yake kuti udzudzu ndi umene umayambitsa malungo, ndipo anafotokoza njira yothandiza yopeŵera malungo: kupewa kulumidwa ndi udzudzu.Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, tsiku la World Mosquito Day lakhala likukondwerera pa August 20 chaka chilichonse pofuna kudziwitsa anthu za malungo ndi matenda ena ofalitsidwa ndi udzudzu.
Kodi matenda opatsirana omwe amayamba chifukwa cholumidwa ndi udzudzu ndi ati?
01 Malungo
Malungo ndi matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a malungo chifukwa cha kulumidwa ndi udzudzu wa Anopheles kapena kuikidwa magazi a wodwala malungo.Matendawa makamaka kuwonetseredwa monga nthawi zonse kuukira, thupi lonse kuzizira, malungo, hyperhidrosis, yaitali angapo kuukira, zingachititse kuchepa magazi m`thupi ndi ndulu kukula.
Chiwerengero cha malungo padziko lonse chidakali chochuluka, ndipo pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi amakhala m’madera amene muli malungo.Malungo akadali matenda oopsa kwambiri ku Africa, pomwe anthu pafupifupi 500 miliyoni amakhala m'madera omwe muli malungo, 90 peresenti ya iwo ku kontinenti, ndipo anthu oposa 2 miliyoni amafa ndi matendawa chaka chilichonse.Kum’mwera chakum’maŵa ndi chapakati ku Asia kulinso madera kumene malungo ali ponseponse.Malungo akadali ofala ku Central ndi South America.
Chiyambi cha kuyezetsa msanga kwa malungo:
Mayeso ofulumira a Malaria Pf Antigen ndi njira yoyesera ya mbali ya chromatography immunoassay yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira moyenera mapuloteni enieni a Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), histidine rich protein II (pHRP-II), mu zitsanzo za magazi a munthu.Chipangizocho chimapangidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mayeso owunika komanso ngati chothandizira kudziwa matenda a plasmodium.Zitsanzo zilizonse zoyeserera zomwe zayesedwa mwachangu pogwiritsa ntchito Malaria Pf Antigen ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina zoyezera komanso zomwe zapezeka.
Mankhwala oyezetsa malungo mwachangu akulimbikitsidwa:
02 Filariasis
Filariasis ndi matenda parasitic chifukwa filariasis parasitizing munthu lymphatic minofu, subcutaneous minofu kapena serous patsekeke.Zina mwa izo, Malay filariasis, Bancroft filariasis ndi lymphatic filariasis zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi udzudzu.Matendawa amafalitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyamwa magazi.Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za filariasis zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo a filariasis.The oyambirira siteji makamaka lymphangitis ndi lymphadenitis, ndi mochedwa siteji ndi mndandanda wa zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro chifukwa cha zamitsempha kutsekeka.Kuyeza kwachangu kumatengera kuzindikira kwa microfilaria m'magazi kapena minofu yapakhungu.Kuwunika kwa serological: kuzindikira kwa ma antibodies a filarial ndi ma antigen mu seramu.
Chiyambi cha mayeso a filarial quick:
Mayeso a filarial Rapid diagnostic test ndi mayeso ozikidwa pa mfundo ya immunochromatography yomwe imatha kuzindikira matenda a filarial mkati mwa mphindi 10 pozindikira ma antibodies kapena ma antigen m'magazi.Poyerekeza ndi microfilaria microscopy, kuzindikira msanga kwa filaria kuli ndi ubwino wotsatirawu:
1. Sizina malire ndi nthawi yosonkhanitsa magazi, ndipo akhoza kuyesedwa nthawi iliyonse, popanda kufunikira kusonkhanitsa magazi usiku.
2. Osafuna zida zovuta ndi akatswiri ogwira ntchito, ingoponya magazi mu khadi yoyezetsa, ndikuwona ngati pali gulu lamitundu kuti muweruze zotsatira.
3. Popanda kusokonezedwa ndi matenda ena a parasitic, amatha kusiyanitsa molondola mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a filarial, ndikuweruza mlingo ndi siteji ya matenda.
4. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa misa ndi kuyang'anira kufalikira, komanso kuyesa zotsatira za mankhwala oletsa mankhwala.
Filariasis amayezetsa mwachangu mankhwala omwe akulimbikitsidwa:
03 Dengue
Dengue fever ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amafalitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Dengue ndipo amafalitsidwa ndi kulumidwa ndi udzudzu wa Aedes.Matenda opatsirana amafala kwambiri m'madera otentha ndi otentha, makamaka ku Southeast Asia, dera la Western Pacific, America, kum'mawa kwa Mediterranean ndi Africa.
Zizindikiro zazikulu za dengue fever ndizo malungo aakulu mwadzidzidzi, “kuwawa katatu” (kupweteka kwa mutu, kupweteka kwa maso, kupweteka kwa minofu ndi mafupa ambiri), “triple red syndrome” (kuthamanga kwa nkhope, khosi ndi pachifuwa), ndi zidzolo (zotupa zotupa kapena zotupa). zotupa zotuluka magazi m'mbali ndi thunthu kapena mutu ndi nkhope)."Kachilombo ka dengue ndi kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa COVID-19 kungayambitsenso zizindikiro zofananira," malinga ndi tsamba la US Centers for Disease Control (CDC).
Dengue fever imachitika m'chilimwe ndi m'dzinja, ndipo nthawi zambiri imafala kuyambira Meyi mpaka Novembala kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi chaka chilichonse, yomwe ndi nyengo yoswana udzudzu wa Aedes.Komabe, m’zaka zaposachedwapa, kutentha kwa dziko kwaika maiko ambiri otentha ndi otentha pachiwopsezo cha kufalikira kwa kachilombo ka dengue msanga.
Chiyambi cha mayeso a Dengue mwachangu:
Dengue IgG/IgM Rapid assay ndi njira yoyesera yodziwira matenda a dengue virus IgG/IgM mu seramu ya munthu, plasma, kapena magazi athunthu.
Zida zoyesera
1. Njira zoyezera ndi kutanthauzira zotsatira zoyezetsa ziyenera kutsatiridwa kwambiri poyesa munthu aliyense payekha kuti adziwe kupezeka kwa ma antibodies ku kachilombo ka dengue mu seramu, plasma kapena magazi athunthu.Kulephera kutsatira njirayi kungabweretse zotsatira zolakwika.
2. Kuzindikira msanga kwa chiwopsezo cha dengue IgG/IgM kumangopezeka kokha pakuzindikirika kwabwino kwa ma antibodies a dengue virus mu seramu yamunthu, plasma kapena magazi athunthu.Panalibe kulumikizana kwa mzere pakati pa mphamvu ya gulu loyesera ndi titer ya antibody pachitsanzocho.
3. Kuyesa kophatikizana kwa dengue IgG/IgM sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito kusiyanitsa pakati pa matenda oyamba ndi achiwiri.Mayesowa sapereka zambiri za dengue serotype.
4. Serologic cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses (monga, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, yellow fever, etc.) ndizofala, kotero odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo kameneka amatha kusonyeza kuyambiranso mwa kuyesaku.
5. Zotsatira zoyipa kapena zosagwira ntchito m'maphunziro amodzi zimawonetsa kuti palibe ma antibodies odziwika bwino a virus ya dengue.Komabe, zotsatira zoyezetsa zoyipa kapena zosagwira ntchito sizimaletsa mwayi wokhala pachiwopsezo kapena kutenga kachilombo ka dengue.
6. Ngati chiwerengero cha ma antibodies a dengue virus omwe alipo mu chitsanzocho chili pansi pa mzere wodziwikiratu, kapena ngati palibe ma antibodies omwe alipo pa siteji ya matenda omwe chitsanzocho chinasonkhanitsidwa, zotsatira zoipa kapena zosagwira ntchito zingathe kuchitika.Chifukwa chake, ngati mawonetseredwe azachipatala akuwonetsa kwambiri matenda kapena kufalikira, kuyezetsa kotsatira kapena kuyesa kwina, monga kuyesa kwa antigen kapena njira zoyesera za PCR, ndikulimbikitsidwa.
7. Ngati zizindikiro zikupitirirabe, ngakhale zotsatira zoipa kapena zosavomerezeka kuchokera ku mayeso osakanikirana a IgG / IgM a dengue, ndi bwino kuti wodwalayo abwezedwenso masiku angapo kapena kuyesedwa ndi zida zoyesera zina.
8. Zitsanzo zina zomwe zimakhala ndi ma antibodies apamwamba kwambiri a heterophile kapena rheumatoid factor zingakhudze zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeka.
9. Zotsatira zomwe zapezeka mu mayeserowa zitha kutanthauziridwa pamodzi ndi njira zina zowunikira komanso zomwe zapezeka muchipatala.
Mankhwala oyesera a Dengue akulimbikitsidwa:
Kugwiritsaboat-bio quick diagnostic testsakhoza kusintha diagnostic dzuwa ndi kulondola, zomwe zimathandiza kuti azindikire ndi kuchiza anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka panthawi yake, kuti athe kulamulira ndi kuthetsa matenda owopsa a parasitic.
zoyeserera mwachangu za boat-bio zimathandizira kuzindikira mwachangu komanso molondola za matendawa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-15-2023