Monkeypox virus ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a monkeypox virus (MPXV).Kachilombo kameneka kamafala makamaka pokhudzana ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka komanso kufalikira kwa mpweya.Monkeypox virus imatha kuyambitsa matenda mwa anthu, omwe ndi matenda osowa kwambiri omwe amapezeka kwambiri ku Africa.Nazi zambiri za kachilombo ka monkeypox.
Kufalikira kwa nyanipox m'maiko osiyanasiyana:
Joint ECDC-WHO Regional Office for Europe Mpox Surveillance Bulletin (europa.eu)
Chidule chakuwunika
Milandu yokwana 25,935 ya mpox (yomwe poyamba inkatchedwa monkeypox) yadziwika kudzera mu njira za IHR, magwero ovomerezeka aboma ndi TESSy mpaka 06 July 2023, 14:00, kuchokera ku mayiko ndi madera 45 ku European Region.Pa masabata 4 apitawa, milandu 30 ya mpox yadziwika kuchokera kumayiko ndi madera 8.
Deta yotengera milandu idanenedwa pamilandu 25,824 kuchokera kumayiko ndi madera 41 kupita ku ECDC ndi WHO Regional Office for Europe kudzera ku The European Surveillance System (TESSy), mpaka 06 July 2023, 10:00.
Mwa milandu 25,824 yomwe idanenedwa ku TESSy, 25,646 idatsimikiziridwa ndi labotale.Kuonjezera apo, pamene kutsatizana kunalipo, 489 adatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi a Clade II, omwe kale ankadziwika kuti West Africa clade.Mlandu wakale kwambiri womwe umadziwika uli ndi deti lachitsanzo la 07 Marichi 2022 ndipo udazindikirika pakuyesa kobwereza kwa zitsanzo zotsalira.Tsiku loyambirira lachizindikirocho lidanenedwa kuti ndi 17 Epulo 2022.
Ambiri mwa milandu anali azaka zapakati pa 31 ndi 40 (10,167/25,794 - 39%) ndi amuna (25,327/25,761 - 98%).Mwa amuna 11,317 omwe ali ndi malingaliro ogonana omwe amadziwika, 96% amadziwonetsa okha ngati amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna.Mwa odwala omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, 38% (4,064/10,675) anali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.Ambiri mwa milandu amaperekedwa ndi zidzolo (15,358 / 16,087 - 96%) ndi zizindikiro zokhudza thupi monga malungo, kutopa, kupweteka kwa minofu, kuzizira, kapena mutu (10,921 / 16,087 - 68%).Panali milandu 789 yomwe idagonekedwa m'chipatala (6%), pomwe milandu 275 idafunikira chisamaliro chachipatala.Milandu isanu ndi itatu idagonekedwa ku ICU, ndipo milandu isanu ndi iwiri ya mpox idamwalira.
Mpaka pano, WHO ndi ECDC adadziwitsidwa za milandu isanu yokhudzana ndi ntchito.Pa milandu inayi yokhudzana ndi ntchito, ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo anali atavala zida zodzitetezera koma amawonetsedwa ndi madzi amthupi potenga zitsanzo.Mlandu wachisanu sunali kuvala zida zodzitetezera.Malangizo akanthawi a WHO okhudza kasamalidwe ka chipatala ndi kupewa ndi kuwongolera matenda a mpox akadali ovomerezeka ndipo akupezeka pa https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/355798.
Chidule cha kuchuluka kwa milandu ya mpox yodziwika kudzera mu njira za IHR ndi magwero aboma ndipo idanenedwa ku TESSy, European Region, 2022-2023
Maiko ndi madera omwe akuwonetsa milandu yatsopano m'masabata 4 apitawa a ISO akuwunikiridwa ndi buluu.
Chidule cha zomwe zanenedwapo zokhuza kugonana pakati pa amuna a mpox, European Region, TESSy, 2022-2023
Kugonana mu TESSy kumatanthauzidwa molingana ndi magulu otsatirawa omwe sanagwirizane:
- Ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha
- MSM = MSM/homo kapena bisexual male
- Amayi amene amagonana ndi akazi
- Ogonana ndi amuna awiri
- Zina
- Zosadziwika kapena zosadziwika
Kugonana sikumayimira jenda la munthu yemwe adagonana naye m'masiku 21 apitawa komanso sizitanthauza kugonana komanso kufalitsa kachilomboka.
Apa tikufotokozera mwachidule za kugonana komwe amuna amazindikira.
Kutumiza
Kupatsirana kwa mpox kwa munthu ndi munthu kumatha kuchitika mwa kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi khungu lopatsirana kapena zotupa zina monga mkamwa kapena kumaliseche;izi zikuphatikizapo kukhudzana komwe kuli
- maso ndi maso (kulankhula kapena kupuma)
- khungu ndi khungu (kukhudza kapena kugonana kumaliseche / kumatako)
- pakamwa ndi pakamwa (kupsopsona)
- kukhudzana pakamwa ndi khungu (kugonana mkamwa kapena kupsopsona khungu)
- madontho opumira kapena ma aerosol afupikitsa kuchokera kukhudzana kwanthawi yayitali
Kachilomboka kamalowa m'thupi kudzera pakhungu losweka, m'mitsempha (monga mkamwa, pharyngeal, ocular, maliseche, anorectal), kapena kudzera munjira yopuma.Mpokisi imatha kufalikira kwa anthu ena apabanja komanso kwa anthu ogonana nawo.Anthu omwe ali ndi zibwenzi zambiri zogonana ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Kupatsirana kwa mpox kwa nyama kupita kwa munthu kumachitika kuchokera ku nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilombo kupita kwa anthu kuchokera ku kulumidwa kapena kukwapula, kapena pazochitika monga kusaka, kusenda, kusaka misampha, kuphika, kusewera ndi mitembo, kapena kudya nyama.Kukula kwa kufalikira kwa ma virus pagulu la nyama sikudziwika bwino ndipo maphunziro owonjezera akuchitika.
Anthu amatha kutenga mpox kuchokera ku zinthu zomwe zili ndi kachilombo monga zovala kapena nsalu, kuvulala koopsa pachipatala, kapena m'madera monga malo osungiramo zizindikiro.
Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro
Mpox imayambitsa zizindikiro zomwe zimayamba pakatha sabata koma zimatha masiku 1-21 mutadwala.Zizindikiro zimatha masabata 2-4 koma zimatha kukhala nthawi yayitali mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka.
Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za mpox ndi:
- zidzolo
- malungo
- chikhure
- mutu
- kupweteka kwa minofu
- kupweteka kwa msana
- mphamvu zochepa
- kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes.
Kwa anthu ena, chizindikiro choyamba cha mpox ndi kutupa, pamene ena amayamba kukhala ndi zizindikiro zosiyana.
Ziphuphu zimayamba ngati chilonda chophwathalala chomwe chimasanduka chithuza chodzaza ndi madzi ndipo chingakhale choyabwa kapena chowawa.Pamene zidzolo zimachira, zotupazo zimauma, kutumphuka ndikugwa.
Anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi zotupa pakhungu limodzi kapena zochepa pomwe ena amakhala ndi mazana kapena kuposerapo.Izi zitha kuwoneka paliponse pathupi monga:
- manja ndi mapazi
- nkhope, pakamwa ndi pakhosi
- chiuno ndi maliseche
- anus.
Anthu ena amakhalanso ndi kutupa kowawa kwa rectum kapena kupweteka komanso kuvutika pokodza.
Anthu omwe ali ndi mpox amatha kupatsirana matendawa mpaka zilonda zonse zitachira komanso khungu linanso lipangike.
Ana, oyembekezera komanso omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka amakhala pachiwopsezo cha zovuta za mpox.
Kawirikawiri kwa mpox, kutentha thupi, kupweteka kwa minofu ndi zilonda zapakhosi zimawonekera poyamba.Mphuno ya mpox imayamba kumaso ndikufalikira pathupi, ikufika m'manja ndi m'mapazi ndikusintha kwa masabata 2-4 m'magawo - macules, papules, vesicles, pustules.Zotupa zimalowa m'kati zisanagwere.Mkhonyo ndiyeno nkugwa. Lymphadenopathy (kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes) ndi gawo lodziwika bwino la mpox.Anthu ena amatha kutenga kachilombo popanda zizindikiro zilizonse.
Pankhani ya mliri wapadziko lonse wa mpox womwe unayamba mu 2022 (omwe amayambitsidwa makamaka ndi kachilombo ka Clade IIb), matendawa amayamba mosiyana mwa anthu ena.Pafupifupi theka la milandu, zidzolo zimatha kuwoneka zisanachitike kapena nthawi yomweyo ngati zizindikiro zina ndipo sizimapitilira thupi nthawi zonse.Chotupa choyamba chikhoza kukhala pa groin, anus, kapena mkati kapena kuzungulira pakamwa.
Anthu omwe ali ndi mpox amatha kudwala kwambiri.Mwachitsanzo, khungu limatha kutenga mabakiteriya omwe amatsogolera ku zithupsa kapena kuwonongeka kwakukulu pakhungu.Mavuto ena ndi monga chibayo, matenda a cornea ndi kutaya maso;kupweteka kapena kuvutika kumeza, kusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba zomwe zimayambitsa kutaya madzi m'thupi kapena kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi;sepsis (matenda a magazi ndi kufalikira kwa kutupa kwa thupi), kutupa kwa ubongo (encephalitis), mtima (myocarditis), rectum (proctitis), ziwalo zoberekera (balanitis) kapena mkodzo (urethritis), kapena imfa.Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chitetezo cha mthupi chifukwa cha mankhwala kapena matenda ali pachiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda aakulu ndi imfa chifukwa cha mpox.Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV osayendetsedwa bwino kapena kulandira chithandizo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda oopsa.
Matenda Opatsirana
Monkey Pox Virus
Matenda
Kuzindikira mpox kungakhale kovuta chifukwa matenda ena ndi mikhalidwe ingawoneke yofanana.Ndikofunika kusiyanitsa mpox ndi nkhuku, chikuku, matenda a pakhungu a bakiteriya, mphere, nsungu, chindoko, matenda ena opatsirana pogonana, ndi mankhwala okhudzana ndi mankhwala.
Wina yemwe ali ndi mpox angakhalenso ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana monga herpes.Komanso, mwana yemwe akuganiziridwa kuti mpox akhoza kukhala ndi nkhuku.Pazifukwa izi, kuyezetsa ndikofunikira kuti anthu alandire chithandizo mwachangu ndikupewa kufalikira.
Kuzindikira ma virus a DNA ndi polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ndiye kuyesa kwa labotale komwe kumakondedwa kwa mpox.Zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri zowunikira zimatengedwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku zidzolo - khungu, madzimadzi kapena crusts - zosonkhanitsidwa ndi swabbing mwamphamvu.Ngati palibe zotupa pakhungu, kuyezetsa kumatha kuchitidwa pa oropharyngeal, anal kapena rectal swabs.Kuyeza magazi sikuvomerezeka.Njira zodziwira ma antibody sizingakhale zothandiza chifukwa sizimasiyanitsa ma virus a orthopox.
The Monkeypox Virus Antigen Rapid Test Kit idapangidwa makamaka kuti izindikire ma antigen a monkeypox virus m'miyendo yamunthu ya pharyngeal secretion ndipo idapangidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ndi akatswiri okha.Chida choyeserachi chimagwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya colloidal gold immunochromatography, pomwe malo ozindikirika a nitrocellulose membrane (T line) amakutidwa ndi mbewa anti-monkeypox virus monoclonal antibody 2 (MPV-Ab2), ndi dera lowongolera (C-line) imakutidwa ndi anti-mbewa IgG polyclonal antibody ndi golidi wonyezimira wotchedwa mbewa anti-monkeypox virus monoclonal antibody 1 (MPV-Ab1) pa padi yolembedwa golide.
Poyesa, chitsanzocho chikapezeka, Monkeypox Virus Antigen (MPV-Ag) mu chitsanzocho amaphatikiza ndi golidi wa colloidal (Au)-wotchedwa mbewa anti-monkeypox virus monoclonal antibody 1 kuti apange (Au-Mouse anti-monkeypox virus). monoclonal antibody 1--[MPV-Ag]) chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe chimayenda patsogolo mu membrane ya nitrocellulose.Kenako imaphatikizana ndi mbewa yokutidwa ndi anti-monkeypox virus monoclonal antibody 2 kupanga agglutination "(Au MPV-Ab1--[MPV-Ag] -MPV-Ab2)" m'dera lodziwika (T-line) panthawi yoyesa.
Kachilombo kotsalira ka mbewa ka golide kotchedwa Mouse anti-monkeypox virus monoclonal antibody 1 kumaphatikiza ndi mbuzi yolimbana ndi mbewa IgG polyclonal antibody yomwe imakutidwa pamzere wowongolera kuti ipangike kuti ipangike komanso kukhala ndi mtundu.Ngati chitsanzocho chilibe antigen ya Monkeypox Virus, malo ozindikira sangapange chitetezo chamthupi, ndipo malo okhawo omwe amawongolera bwino amatha kupanga chitetezo chamthupi ndikupanga mtundu.Zida zoyeserazi zimakhala ndi malangizo atsatanetsatane owonetsetsa kuti akatswiri atha kuyesa mosamala komanso moyenera kwa odwala mkati mwa mphindi 15.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-25-2023